To start:
>Arrays are at the core of every programming language
That's because memory is always limited, and you can't insert memory in between existing memory. As much as List-style memory would be great - when you need more, you just tack it onto the end, and you can put elements wherever you like - it's not going to happen. So, languages may as well use arrays at the core because the hardware and compiler are static entities in almost every case.
>Are Lists/ListArrays/Collections Linked Lists?
List and Linked List are pretty much synonymous, they're structures with no set length that can be middle-inserted but have no inherent indexing. ArrayList is generally implemented as a Linked List of Arrays (what Wikipedia refers to as an Unrolled Linked List), and in many cases it gets the best of both worlds, but for some operations it's the worst. Collections are generally just a set of functions on top of some other data structure, which may or may not be a linked list, depending on which language/package you're using.
>Isn't a fundamental type in any language
Java implements linked lists, to name one I know for sure, and I'm sure at least one or two others use it under the hood. However, just because it isn't native to a language doesn't mean there's no point in using it, and part of what people love about it is that it's simple to write despite scaling really well to large data sets. Writing a Linked List, even with special benefits like making it circular, doubly-linked, indexed at points, etc etc, does not take long, and because it's written by you and not the language's developers, you can tailor it exactly to your needs.

So, the wiki page already lists some good benefits, but also lists some downsides. In my opinion, a Linked List is so elegant because when you want to minimize a downside, you can. First off, lookup times. Linked Lists have shitty lookup times, that's basically the worst thing about them. Enter the "Skip List", a Linked List with O(log(n)) lookup times. Here's my implementation: greyhen.net/loglist/ . The main downside is that the data is automatically ordered - but then, if you wanted to look up data in an unordered structure it would almost always take O(n) time anyways. Regarding wasted space, Wikipedia suggests Unrolled Linked Lists, but really, storing booleans/characters in a purpose-built data structure is rarely worth it, IMO. I could be wrong, maybe that's your kinda thing.

Anyways, point is, if you want to optimize your Linked List to do something, you can. You can add insertion overhead to reduce indexing time. You can increase memory usage to reduce a lot of these performance numbers, or vice versa. Which brings us to arrays: you have no control over the weaknesses of an array. Want to insert or delete an element? Not happening, or at least O(n) with some restructuring. Want to move every element up an index? O(n). Not sure how much data you're going to be handling? No can do.

It's not that the benefits of a linked list outweigh those of an array, it's that linked lists let you decide which benefits and weaknesses to have, whereas an array will never really change - unless, that is, you couple it with another data structure.

yeah, array seems to be the best. Zero wasted space, fastest indexing, and no extra overhead for inserts/replaces/deletes.

HOWEVER....

It seems like the linked-list people are into large data storage, like for memory or hard disk logic. But software engineers and most computer scientists don't have to deal with that because the OS, database and compiler take care of memory allocation and data storage. I as a programmer just have to get that information out and do something with it, then save it back out again. So yeah, if you're programming firmware for experimental hard disks, then go for it! Even then hard disk and memory storage algorithms are more complex than "just use link lists" or whatever.

So yeah, try again, anon. Show me exactly how and why "linked lists" are used otherwise I'll just assume it's a training exercise for first-semester CS majors.

come to murica if ya arent already there. you can go to a range and with the proper instructor and shit you can pretty any style of gun.

idubbbz is friend with frank

www.youtube.com/user/TVFilthyFrank
im sorry

meh, seems pretty autistic and short little ADHD jokes (I just skipped throug the featured video a bit).

The only "YouTuber"s I watch are Ronald Jenkies (autistic musician, but man, does he have chops and ultra-creativity) and "Retarded Faggot" / "edubbbz" (he does the Kickstarter Crap thing). He seems really intelligent, witty, doesn't do autistic fart jokes and takes his art seriously while not taking himself too seriously.

idubbbz is friend with frank

I assume from the title his name is "Frank", but he seems like an autistic douche trying to copy Shia LeBoeuf's green-screen schenanigans.

www.youtube.com/user/TVFilthyFrank
im sorry

meh, seems pretty autistic and short little ADHD jokes (I just skipped throug the featured video a bit).

The only "YouTuber"s I watch are Ronald Jenkies (autistic musician, but man, does he have chops and ultra-creativity) and "Retarded Faggot" / "edubbbz" (he does the Kickstarter Crap thing). He seems really intelligent, witty, doesn't do autistic fart jokes and takes his art seriously while not taking himself too seriously.

idubbbz is friend with frank

good deal. Maybe I was confusing you with someone else. I thought you always posted pro-hitler and pro-gun shit. But hey, it's Boxing Day and no time for politics. I raise my glass to you, glorious bastard.

come to murica if ya arent already there. you can go to a range and with the proper instructor and shit you can pretty any style of gun.

I don't think that solves any of the problems.

have you tried it?

sauce? that looks pretty funny actually