Rogues and Rangers are reliably good and simple two-weapon fighters
So you want to be a rogue, and individual known for their quick fingers and for robbing you blind after making you blind. You've got a very specific set of skills, which makes you a nightmare for a great variety of people. In essence, you have a few key components: 1) the highest base skill per level modifier, allowing you to leave Int at average and not suffer from it, 2) sneak attack, which allows you to hit hard from the shadows, 3) the necessary abilities to make sneak attacks every round feasible, and 4) being just an all-around great choice for a dungeoneering party.
Probably one of the more famous rogues of our time, though he has multiclassed a bit
Now, rogues are focused around two things: Skills and being a fighter focused on angles more than direct strikes. All of this requires some degree of mastery and if not training then a swim or die learning period. So, simply put:
Why do you have the skill set you have?
Rogues don't have to be penny-a-day thieves, a prince can be a rogue just as much as a pickpocket can
Most rogues as you envision them have had a lifetime of pickpocketing and thievery allowing them to hone their skills. This makes two mistakes: 1) it assumes that all rogues must be criminals of the thieving and robbing type, and 2) that they have to work independently.
There is, as usual, no set race for any class. Anyone can be anything
Rogues can just as easily be part of a larger, overarching organization. There is also no alignment restriction (which allows a chaotic good Robin Hood just as much as a Lawful Evil assassin for hire), and in much the same way there is no profession restriction. A rogue can just as easily be a thief as he can be a doctor or an architect. The thing that joins them all? Skill.
I mean, there's also their underhanded way of dealing with things (most rogue archetypes and characters will likely keep and fully use their sneak attack), but perhaps why your (and let's just go with this for the sake of example) architect resolves things in such an underhanded way can be a major character point.
Rogues can also make great merchants, sailors, captains, guards, advisors, etc. It all depends on how you build them. Sure, two-weapon fighting and sneak attack are two major parts of the class, but you don't have to use every last class feature you get, right? And there's a few archetypes you can use to replace sneak attack or move your rogue in a general direction.
You can also make a complete inversion of the rogue class and do what I did above. You see that guy? He abused the living daylights out of sneak attack with a ******* battleaxe that eventually went to large and then to huge. Don't limit yourself by class stereotypes, feel free to play a doctor as a rogue, or go around sneak attacking with a ballista.
OTHER CLASSES
Alchemist: /channel/dungeons-n-drags/So+you+want+to +be+an+alchemist/oavbLbn/
Barbarian: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+a+barbarian/TLwbLGY/
Bard: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+a+bard/kuwbLxh/
Cavalier: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+a+cavalier/jqxbLwd/
Cleric: /So+you+want+to+be+a+cleric/funny-pictur es/5597273/
Druid: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+a+druid/mRBcLzE/
Fighter/Brawler: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+the+very+best/suBcLfh/
Inquisitor: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+unexpected/rqGcLed/
Magus: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+broken+af/qqRcLdd/
Monk: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ wax+proffesionally/DRzcLQE/
Paladin: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+a+hero/iNYdLvA/
Anti-Paladin: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+an+anti+paladin/nhXdLau/
Ranger: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+be+a+ranger/BuYeLOh/
Sorcerer: /channel/tabletop-gaming/So+you+want+to+ be+a+sorcerer/XdadLKq/